Yeah, I don't think there's a good translation for what you're describing in English.
In English, the terms Godfather and Godmother generally refer to some one, usually a good friend of the family and of the same rough age as the couple, that is chosen when a child is born, and often comes with the assumption the godparent will fill the role of parent if the parent is unable to(sometimes to the point the godparents are assumed to take custody in the event of the child being orphaned... Though honestly, I think it might be a more common practice in Britain than the US or might be somewhat archaic as I am unaware of having ever met someone who had godparents and my primary point of reference for the practice is Harry Potter.
The traditional composition of a Modern AMerican wedding party consists of:
The Groom
A Best Man, usually the Groom's best male friend or a close male relative.
One or more Groomsmen(usually other male friends of the groom or other male relatives)
The Bride
A Maid of Honor(usually the bride's best female friend or a close, female relative, sometimes called a Matron of Honor if she's already married)
1 or more Bride's Maids(usually other female friends of the bride or other female relatives)
Sometimes a Ring Bearer(usually a young boy related to someone in the wedding party, may or may not actually carry the rings)
sometimes a flower girl(usually a young girl related to someone in the wedding party).
The Officiant(usually the Preacher/Minister/Priest/whatever the denomination in question calls it of the Church the couple belongs too... No idea what's common for secular ceremonies done in the Christian style where the ceremony and the legal spects are handled together).
Of course, that's based on Christian traditions, I'm pretty sure the other religions with significant representation in the US have their own traditions.
I was the Ring Bearer at my Sister's first Weeding a Junior Groomsman(I was considered too old for Ring Bearer, but too young to be a full Groomsman, not sure I hit double digits yet) at my Brother's first Wedding, and I think I might have been a full groomsman at my sister's second Wedding... every other wedding I've attned, I was just a member of the audience, though I don't think I've ever attended a wedding outside my own family... and I've yet to attended a wedding that lead to a successful marriage that I can remember.
And even if it's seams splitting and not fabric tearing, the above incidents still scream lousy quality since both stories imply the slacks in question were new. Split seams is what I expect from clothes that have been worn for years and cheap halloween costumes, not new suits.