2019-08-22 05:30:29 (edited by magurp244 2019-08-22 05:54:51)

As reported by [wired]:

Replacement human organs are hard to come by, generally the only way to land your hands on one is if someone donates them upon death, assuming their not hamburger. To that end, medical scientists have been working hard on things like [3D printing human organs], or [synthetic organs]. Another way however is through genetic engineering...

How it works is they select an embryo from a target host, such as a pig, then use CRISPR to knock out the genes for the target organ they want to gestate, for example lets say a heart. When the embryo is still in development in the early stages, they inject human stem cells from the target recipient into the embryo, so as it grows and matures, it will have a pig body with a human heart, ready to transplant into the patient. The ethical reasoning behind this is that we slaughter pigs and similar farm animals for food anyway, why not organs too, and solve the chronic shortage of available organs? However, there are certain... complications.

You see, human cells transplanted into the host don't exactly stay still, they migrate throughout the body, including to the brain, creating the potential for these human host animals to possess human intelligence. The fantasy films of The Secret Of NIMH, or Animal Farm may not be so fictional in the near future. Trials are underway for [Human Mouse] hybrids in Japan, with restrictions that their brains not possess more than 30% human cells, lest they create "humanized" animals.

For the Planet Of The Apes types, other work has surfaced with scientists creating [Human Monkey hybrids in China, irritating authorities after the recent attempt to genetically engineer two human children. Suffice it to say, incidents like this are likely to increase given the ready access to genetic engineering technology, with the world on a collision course with our concept of what it means to be human.

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2019-08-22 09:32:49

Read about this, it raises a fascinating question: at which point would something be considered too human? I guess at this stage it's impossible to answer since we don't know how human neurons would interact with whatever other species' and how this would impact their cognition. But there is also the seeming ethical double standard of why doing this to something with human neurons in its brain is wrong, but when it's a regular animal it's fine. Especially since many behaviours once thought unique to humans have been found in other animals as well, which raises the question of how different their experience is to our own. Obviously no other animal can reason and understand things the way we do, but we don't consider it wrong to experiment on people because of this, otherwise doing it on babies before they're old enough to understand then killing them would be fine. If it's really just about avoiding suffering then why is it just that humans and some animals humans are particularly attached to are entitled to this? For example doing to dogs what is done to many other animals would be considered cruel and unacceptable, but only because people empathise with some animals like dogs much more than others.
On the other hand this could have very beneficial results, a lot of people die while waiting on long organ recipient lists, and if this takes off it could save a lot of those lives.

2019-08-22 09:49:07 (edited by magurp244 2019-08-22 10:13:38)

Thats quite true, animals I think share quite a bit more cognitive ability and experience with us than most might admit. Birds for example have twice the neural density compared to mammals, Crows in particular have 2 different dialects with over 250 unique calls, use tools, mourn their dead, and teach their young. What's really interesting though is the facinating study of [plant intelligence], which presents some interesting philosophical questions.

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2019-08-22 22:37:55

I'd be interested to find out if such a hybrid could understand human language and the animal language, and if so, if they could translate between the two.

2019-08-23 01:50:22 (edited by magurp244 2019-08-23 02:05:17)

Well, Gorrilla's have learned to communicate with sign language, [Pigeons] are also able to read and comprehend text. Parrots like the [African Grey] can also learn to read, do math, and speak, along with comprehend the language, much like numerous other bird species like Corvids. There's actually a pretty cool video [here] of Petra The African Grey talking it up with their owner, and having learned how to use Alexa voice commands...

In some studies buried in those links there was some talk of mice being injected with human neurons showing greater intelligence, but the question of what their cognitive capabilities are or how that effects them is an open question. Its unlikely that they'll achieve human like qualities perse, but studying how it changes their cognition could be rather interesting, if fraught with ethical questions.

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