Some commands with dogs are easier, like sit and stay. We used to have a little Pomeranian we found on the side of the road. At first with sit, I would press my hand with a gentle firm pressure onto his lower back until he sat, obviously using the sit command and treating him when he sat. Rinse and repeat. Then, I could just rest my hand lightly on his side while he was standing and say the sit command to feel if he obeyed.
With the stay command, I would go into a different room and listen for his claws on the hardwood floor. I have no idea if he stayed in a sit while he was staying or not.
With puppies who want up on the couch, they usually put their front feet up. I'll take their feet, plant them back on the floor and say "off."

In July 2016, when my brother came from work, he opened the backseat door of his car and took out a gorgeous little pooch. It was a dog, (dachshund) one month old. It was so cute and lovely, and playful. My mum had never liked dogs and fell into depression when my brother brought ours home as she had been viciously bitten by a big shepherd dog when she was younger. Whenever my mum would angrily say to the dog: sit, stay, stop, go away, come to eat, the dog would funnily enough respond with the right action. He had not received any training before . . . perhaps by looking at the body language and the posture of my mum he thought it would be better to respond with something, as God knew what could happen. As the dog grew, he would day after day get closer to us; even to my mum who disliked him. All my family loved him, including my mum. The dog wouldn't let her go away anywhere without taking him. We trained him to be a little guarddog and most of the time when we'd go out, he had to stay at home. He would always cry when we closed the gate.
Anyway, now that he's almost three years old, it seems like he understands our language. He can expect and understand when the food will come, he can understand whether we have a kandy and we're going to throw it to him, he can understand when my mum has cooked his favourite meal for him, he can understand when we are going to go out, he can understand when we are talking about him, and so on.
I'm not sure, however, if he understands that I'm blind or different from others in the way I interact with him. It's important that he comes to me when I call him. He is a stress reliever; everytime I finish studying or simply after a long university day, I go to play with him and I feel relaxed. Now that I've gone to Germany, I miss him so much. Everytime  I sense a dog on the street, I wanna grab and play with it. I found a student here who owns a dog and she gives it to me for like three to four hours on every Monday haha.