@Shrike, I don't know why choice buttons would be disabled unless you really are playing in tutorial mode, generally the only time you see disabled choice buttons in KoDp is if it is an event you have already taken choices in.
The thing with choices is to consult yuour clan ring as much as possible, and while you need to take their advice with the odd pinch of salt (worshippers of Humact always tend to want to go to war, while worshippers of Ernalda have a positive obsession with farming and children), it is usually good advice since inevitably your clan ring will know more of what to do in a given situation than you do.
There is no beginner's for dummies, but there is This page on the KoDp wiki which, though it is very imcplete does have links to lots of the other pages on useful concepts, eg, how combat works, how seasons work etc, plus of course feel free to ask questions (I'm glad the podcast was useful, that was what I recorded it for).
for example, there are five seasons, sea, fire, earth, dark and storm. every season you get two turns. Each turn you can do an action like sacrificing to the gods, building fortifications, recruiting more weaponthaness, sending out a trade or diplomatic mission etc. You can also use the season wheel to skip turns which is actually a good idea sometimes since you don't want to spread your resources too thin.
independently, whether you take a turn or skip, you will get events, these are the little gamebook like story sections, which don't take up your turn time, but where you do need to make important choices.
The main thing to remember about seasons is that there are better times for doing certain things. Sea season is like spring, it's when crops are plantedexploring and sending out negotiations goes well and if you do a raid you catch people unawares, however if you send out too many people not enough crops will be planted and you might be in trouble later.
fire season is like summer. Not a lot else is happening so you can do what you like, though it's the traditional raiding season so if you send out a your chances of catching the enemy napping are low.
Earth season is like autumn everyone is harvesting, it's even more important to send too many people off raiding.
Dark season is like winter. usually you can't leave your tula at that time, so no expeditions or raids, though if you choose the ice demons as your traditional enemy you get the ability to raid in dark season (a favourite tactic of mine since the enemy usually aren't prepared).
Storm season you can do pretty much what you like but it's especially good for hero quests.
Personally generally what I do is look at my current situation, eg if there is an enemy to pound on, if I want to try and make peace with a clan with favours, if I want more trade or to build another temple, then check and see if it is the best season to do that thing, and if not, wait until later (in Kodp patience is usually your friend).
hth, any other questions, please ask.
while I'd never claim to be a Kodp expert, I have spent many happy hours with the game .
With our dreaming and singing, Ceaseless and sorrowless we! The glory about us clinging Of the glorious futures we see,
Our souls with high music ringing; O men! It must ever be
That we dwell in our dreaming and singing, A little apart from ye. (Arthur O'Shaughnessy 1873.)