I mean it may be subtly over time or it may not be, you might have got lucky in that you found a charger with specs that are close enough to what it needs that its not an issue. Many many things in the world that wear out do so over time, its not always a bang and magic smoke, or all the sudden something quits working. This can of course happen, power surges caused by lightning strikes can fry equipment if not properly protected by a device capable of suppressing them. Look at the automotive world, with things like brakes, you don't go from driving one day and everything's fine to the next day you get in your car and all the sudden, you have no brakes at all and can't stop. There's wear and tear. Each time you use the brakes, you're wearing a bit of the meat away from your pads, and over time, the rotor will wear too. Electronic parts can fail rather abruptly, leaving your car not running right, or not at all, but over all, things don't usually just pop.
Feeding too much power into a device though, that will have the potential to pop it, chips might have a variance of like 10% of tolerated voltage. Each chip, and a lot of electronic components come with a data sheet that lists all the specs of it, including its operating voltage and current needs. Also consider the fact that voltage regulators will run closer to tolerance if the power is too high, and this will cause them to build up more heat, and heat is the number one enemy of electronics, so your voltage regulator will fail over time and when it burns out finally, you could be getting raw power into circuitry that can't handle it.
Low power is going to be a more subtle thing, but it can and will cause malfunctions. Also, a common thing in electronics is the 5 volt rail. This provides a sort of high signal for logic chips and other chips and circuitry. You pull that down with a ground when you want to provide low signal, or translated as off. So let's say now that because of insufficient power, you're 5 volt rail is not running at 5 volts anymore, its running at 4.7. Well, maybe this will cause issues, because maybe some more sensitive chips see that as a low signal, and thus, won't do what they're supposed to be doing at the time they're supposed to be doing it. The 5 volt rail is not power to run the chips, its signal. This is how analog synthesizers worked, VCO stands for voltage controlled oscillator, and when you hit a key, voltage is literally being sent to it, and oscillators work by switching that current back and forth fast enough to be audible. Key tracking will make each key send a different voltage to whatever you have it patched to, usually a filter. So when you have that on, lower notes will send less of a voltage than higher ones. So see, in this case, that voltage is not being used to power the things, that comes from other sources, voltage is a signal.
In cars, you have two sort of systems. Your battery provides a constant 12 volt source, and when the engine is running, the alternator is doing two jobs, its taking over for the battery in providing power, and its charging the battery. All the things like the stereo and nav, the climate control, the lights, the wipers, all that stuff gets its power from that 12 volt system. There is also a 5 volt system that really doesn't power anything, but it is used as signals. The ECM, or in older cars, ECU, basically the main computer that controls all the other modules of the car, it will use 5 volts as its output to various components to make them work, not to power them, but to tell them when to turn and off. Back to the synthesizer, A waveform that has an abrupt on off, on off cycle with no ramping or anything in between is called a square wave, its the one that hearkens back to the Nintendo NES days, but really every 8-bit system used them. As I said, this is a cycle, it is on, and it is off, or when used electronically, its either 5 volt, or its pulled to ground. This is a cycle, the amount of time it is on related to the amount of time it is off, when those are equal, we say it is a square, when they're not, its a pulse wave, and there other details there too that I'm not as familiar with. When we vary the cycle, which is called a duty cycle, we are modulating the pulse width. All sorts of things modulate other things in a synthesizer, but when the pulse width becomes narrow, you are having more ons than offs, or more offs than ons, the sound becomes narrow and reedy and some of the harmonics drop out.
So the various modules in a car ill use this to tell components to work, and when specifically to work. A car's fuel injectors need this signal from the computer to tell them when to fire, thus, causing them to spray (inject) a fuel vapor into the engine at each cylinder means that the computer has control of the injectors. It can tell each one when to pulse, and control the timing of each pulse just by modulating the duty cycle of the square wave, i.e. sending 5 volts, or sending no volts. That's where this really comes into play, if that process gets disrupted by a charger that isn't sending enough power because its just not built to do that, since the transformer isn't designed for it.
Facts with Tom MacDonald, Adam Calhoun, and Dax
End racism
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